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Research summaries, applied machine learning explainers and AI industry news, newest first.
Vector Databases: How They Work and How to Choose One
A vector database stores embeddings, the numeric vectors that represent the meaning of text, images or audio, and finds the ones closest to a query vector. It is the…
What Is RAG? Retrieval-Augmented Generation Explained With a Working Example
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a way to make a large language model answer from information it was never trained on. Before the model responds, a search step…
Claude Sonnet 5 Keeps Its $2 / $10 Price: Anthropic Cancels the Planned Increase
Anthropic launched Claude Sonnet 5 on June 30, 2026, at an introductory price of $2 per million input tokens and $10 per million output tokens, with a scheduled increase…
DeepSeek V4.1 Flash Arrives With Lower Prices, and V4 Pro Gets a Reprieve
DeepSeek released DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash on September 10, 2026, and changed its API prices the same day at 04:00 UTC. The announcement also said the larger V4 Pro would be…
Gemini 3.8 Flash Launch Pricing Ends December 31: API Price Doubles in 2027
Google made Gemini 3.8 Flash generally available in the Gemini API on September 2, 2026. The release notes call it Google's most intelligent Flash model, aimed at…
GPT-5.5 Leaves ChatGPT and Codex on October 14, but Stays in the OpenAI API
OpenAI will remove GPT-5.5 from ChatGPT, ChatGPT Work and Codex on October 14, 2026, across all plans. The company announced the change from its @ChatGPT account on…
GPT-5.6 Sol's $4 / $20 API Price Is a Promotion Through at Least November 21
OpenAI lowered the API price of GPT-5.6 Sol on August 21, 2026, to $4 per million input tokens and $20 per million output tokens. The changelog describes it as 20% lower…
GPT-6 Astra API Pricing: $10 per Million Input Tokens, $50 Output
OpenAI released GPT-6 Astra in its API on September 3, 2026, describing it in the API changelog as its most capable model, built for reasoning, coding, computer use,…
How to Connect an MCP Server, and Why MCP Is Simpler Than Custom Integrations
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard for connecting AI applications to tools and data. Instead of writing a separate integration for every pair of AI app…
The Biggest US AI Startups Raising $100 Million or More in 2026
This is a factual snapshot of the US-based AI startups that have raised $100 million or more in capital, or reached $100 million or more in annualized revenue, during…